Don't throw them too hard!
Usually when I fail it's because I throw them too fast! And when you start failing a lot it's "natural" to throw harder and harder....
I reckon it's more a "lazy flick" than a "WANG!!"
Your release point matters too...
What you're actually aiming to do is get the Goo travelling just faster than the width of the wall, then get it so that 1 "frame" it's on the left (but not touching) and then in the next it's on the right, but not touching.
If you release at the wrong place, it'll touch the wall (or appear in the middle) and the collision detection picks it up...
It's only when it flies through without touching, that it works.
For some good practice... don't play the level...
Just scroll down to the walls, and pick up the grey goos off the box and throw them through the wall(s).. sometimes they go through both.
HTH